Submissions should present original scholarly work and disclose relevant overlap with previously published, submitted or publicly posted material.
Duplicate submission
The same manuscript should not be under consideration by multiple journals at the same time.
Plagiarism and unattributed reuse
Ideas, text, data, images and other material from prior sources should be attributed appropriately. Similarity screening may inform editorial assessment but should not be treated as an automatic determination of misconduct.
Redundant or overlapping publication
Substantial overlap with prior publications should be disclosed and justified. Legitimate secondary publication or use of preprints should follow the relevant journal’s policy and citation requirements.
Text recycling
Reuse of an author’s own previously published wording should be limited, transparent and appropriate to the context, particularly in sections where original expression is expected.